Analysis of the compositions of topical sprays containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat a number of diseases, including musculoskeletal ones. Long-term use of oral NSAIDs is associated with a high risk of adverse effects. The application of topical dosage forms, including sprays, enables these risks to be avoided. To select excipients that can achieve the optimal release of active ingredients and reduce undesirable local reactions remains relevant. Sprays are a convenient topical and local formulation that has many advantages. Pharmaceutical marketing researches revealed an insufficient number of NSAID-containing sprays in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, and Ukraine and their large number in European countries. The paper analyzes the compositions of drugs in the topical NSAID-containing sprays presented on the markets of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, and European countries. It considers the main groups of spray excipients, in particular solvents, preservatives, skin penetration enhancers, emulsifiers, and moisturizing components. Their functions, application features, used concentrations, and application prospects when designing NSAID-containing sprays are described. Attention is paid to the risk of adverse effects due to the use of these excipients. The innovative spray formulation for topical application, such as microemulsions, that are promising two-phase transdermal drug delivery systems are considered. These are able to improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. The microemulsions based on lecithin and on polyethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil are examined.