RENATAL EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2018-03-05
Issue: 
3
Year: 
2018

A.U. Kyazimova, E.A. Shadlinsky, K.M. Yagubov, S.M.Babaeva Azerbaijan Medical University; 23, Bakikhanov St., Baku 1022, Azerbaijan

The prenatal effects of drugs on brain development are of great importance; drug exposure is determined by the periods of pregnancy. Neurotransmitters seriously affect the development of neurons and perform numerous brain functions. Dopamine regulates cell cycle and dendritic growth; serotonin induces cell proliferation and the response of growing axons; gamma-aminobutyric acid activates the migration of developing neurons; glutamate regulates the survival of oligodendrocyte precursor. Nicotine and alcohol can cause serious fetal brain abnormalities. Children exposed to cocaine in utero develop a severe phenotype. The offspring exposed to methamphetamine or amphetamine show increased stress, lower scholastic achievement levels, movement disorders, and low birth weight. Maternal somatic diseases, high stress, malnutrition, and pharmacologically non-correctable mental disorders can increase the risk of disability in children. Difficulties in correcting the above problems and the choice of safer drugs during pregnancy remain a very urgent problem of medicine.
Keywords: 
pregnancy
fetus
medication
brain
central nervous system
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