DETERMINATION OF VENLAFAXINE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2018-06-03
Issue: 
6
Year: 
2018

K.Yu. Servie(1), V.F. Apraksin(1), N.A. Anisimova(1), A.V. Kireeva(2), V.N. Kuklin(1) 1-Saint Petersburg State Chemopharmaceutical University, 14, Prof. Popov St., Lit A, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russian Federation; 2-Forensic Medical Examination Bureau, Leningrad Region, 36-38-40, Shkapin St., Lit Б, Saint Petersburg 198095, Russian Federation

Introduction. According to the 2013-2017 statistics in the Russian Federation, 30.5% of all acute poisonings caused by the intoxication of drugs, among them, psychotropic drugs, particularly antidepressants, made up the largest proportion. Poisonings with venlafaxine were noted to increase in Russia. Those with this drug during overdose and its nonmedical use are most severe. Objective: to develop procedures to determine the venlafaxine base in biological fluids during forensic chemical and chemotoxicological analyses. Material and methods. Venlaxine tablets (the active ingredient is venlafaxine hydrochloride 75 mg), biological fluids (blood and urine provided by the Forensic Medical Examination Bureau, Saint Petersburg), and laboratory animals, such as male rats (Center of Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg Chemopharmaceutical University), were employed. The venlafaxine base isolated from the drug served as a working standard sample. The investigation was conducted using the checked equipment: Shimadzu UV mini 1240 and SF-56 ultraviolet spectrophotometers, a Waters 2695 liquid chromatograph, Kristall-2000M gas chromatographs with a photoionization detector, as well as Agilent Technologies 7890А with a 7693 autoinjector and a 5975С mass selective detector. Results. The optimal conditions were determined for isolation of the venlafaxine base from biological fluids, by applying chloroform at pH 10. The test substance was identified using reactions, UV spectroscopy, thin-layer, gas chromatography-mass selective (GC/MS) detection, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitative determination was carried out by HPLC and GC/MS methods. The results obtained by the two techniques were comparable. Conclusion. A general scheme has been developed for chemotoxicological analysis of the venlafaxine-base in biological fluids (blood, urine), which makes it possible to isolate, identify, and quantify the base.
Keywords: 
venlafaxine base
biological fluids
isolation
identification
quantification
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