The chemical and toxicological properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and methods for their determination

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2020-06-03
Issue: 
6
Year: 
2020

V.A. Kutyakov(1, 2), E.V. Kharitonova(1), L.V. Trufanova(1), V.Yu. Endrzheevskaya-Shurygina(1), S.I. Pashchenko(1), (1)V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 1, Partisan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russian Federation; (2)Krasnoyarsk Territorial Forensic Medical Bureau, 35, Peace Prospect, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russian Federation

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of widely used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agents in the world, with most of them sold over the counter. In this connection, there is a danger of poisoning from a drug overdose or systematic intake, which can proceed without obvious symptoms. Severe poisonings are characterized by metabolic acidosis, convulsions, coma, acute renal failure, etc. The facts of using the drugs in this group for non-medical purposes make up special cases. NSAIDs vary in chemical structure and therefore differ from each other in the strength and characteristics of action, the frequency and manifestations of side effects. The modification or introduction of new functional groups into medications leads to a decrease or increase in side effects: a positive relationship has been established between lipophilic, brominated compounds and cytotoxicity, while fluorination of the compounds in this group reduces the risk of undesirable effects. To minimize the systemic effect, various dosage forms (cream, gel, and foam for the skin) are brought to the pharmaceutical market. The paper describes modern techniques to identify and quantify the drugs of this group in various biological objects during chemical and toxicological analysis and discusses the possibility of using current methods to establish the fact of using NSAIDs, including those for non-medical purposes. Determination of biomarkers using proteomic technology for the early diagnosis of pathological changes in the systematic administration of NSAIDs is a promising diagnostic area. The structural foundations of the drugs and their classification are presented.

Keywords: 
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
determination methods
chemical and toxicological analysis
proteomic methods
toxicological significance

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